Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale tsa lehlabathe la ceramic ke haholo-holo Al2O3 le SiO2, 'me karolo ea liminerale ea lehlabathe la ceramic haholo-holo ke karolo ea corundum le mullite phase, hammoho le karolo e nyenyane ea amorphous phase. Refractoriness ea lehlabathe la ceramic hangata e kholo ho feta 1800 ° C, 'me ke lisebelisoa tse thata tse thata tsa aluminium-silicon.
Litšobotsi tsa lehlabathe la ceramic
● High refractoriness;
● Coefficient e nyenyane ea katoloso ea mocheso;
● High conductivity ea mocheso;
● Sebōpeho se batlang se chitja, sekhutlo se senyenyane, mokelikeli o motle le bokhoni bo kopaneng;
● Sebaka se boreleli, ha se na mapetsong, ha se maqhutsu;
● Lintho tse sa jeleng paate, tse loketseng lisebelisoa tse sa tšoaneng tsa tšepe tsa tšepe;
● Likaroloana li na le matla a phahameng 'me ha li robehe habonolo;
● Mefuta ea boholo ba likaroloana e pharaletseng, 'me ho kopanya ho ka etsoa ho ea ka litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso.
Tšebeliso ea Lehlabathe la Ceramic ho Engine Castings
1. Sebelisa lehlabathe la ceramic ho rarolla mothapo, ho khomarela lehlabathe, mokokotlo o robehileng le lehlabathe la motheo oa hlooho ea silinda ea tšepe.
● Cylinder block le cylinder head ke lintho tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tse entsoeng ka enjene
● Sebōpeho sa lesoba le ka hare se rarahane, 'me litlhoko tsa ho nepahala le ho hloeka ka hare li holimo.
● Sehlopha se seholo
E le ho netefatsa katleho ea tlhahiso le boleng ba sehlahisoa,
● Lehlabathe le letala (haholo-holo Hydrostatic styling line) tlhahiso ea mohala oa kopano hangata e sebelisoa.
● Lithapo tsa lehlabathe hangata li sebelisa li- cold box le resin coated sand (shell core), 'me tse ling tsa lehlabathe li sebelisa hot box process.
● Ka lebaka la sebōpeho se rarahaneng sa mokokotlo oa lehlabathe la li-cylinder block le ho lahla hlooho, li-cores tse ling tsa lehlabathe li na le sebaka se senyenyane sa cross-sectional, karolo e nyenyane ka ho fetisisa ea li-cylinder blocks le li-cylinder head jacket ea metsi ke 3-3.5mm feela, 'me setsi sa lehlabathe se moqotetsane, mokokotlo oa lehlabathe ka mor'a ho lahla o pota-potiloe ke tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng ea mocheso o phahameng ka nako e telele, ho thata ho hloekisa lehlabathe, ho hlokahala lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa ho hloekisa, joalo-joalo Nakong e fetileng, lehlabathe lohle la silika le ne le sebelisoa ho lahla. tlhahiso, e ileng ea baka mathata a methapo le lehlabathe ka har'a baki ea metsi ea li-cylinder block le hlooho ea cylinder. Core deformation le mathata a mantlha a robehileng a tloaelehile haholo ebile ho thata ho a rarolla.
E le ho rarolla mathata a joalo, ho qala ho tloha ho pota 2010, lik'hamphani tse ling tse tsebahalang tsa malapeng tse kang FAW, Weichai, Shangchai, Shanxi Xinke, joalo-joalo, li ile tsa qala ho etsa lipatlisiso le ho hlahloba tšebeliso ea lehlabathe la ceramic ho hlahisa li-cylinder blocks. lijakete tsa metsi tsa cylinder head, le liphaseje tsa oli. Li-cores tsa lehlabathe tse lekanang li felisa kapa li fokotsa bofokoli bo kang ho sinta ka hare, ho khomarela lehlabathe, ho senyeha ha motheo oa lehlabathe, le li-cores tse robehileng.
Latela litšoantšo li entsoe ka lehlabathe la ceramic le ts'ebetso ea lebokose le batang.
Ho tloha ka nako eo, lehlabathe la ceramic le tsoakiloeng le ntse le khothaletsoa butle-butle ka lebokoseng le batang le lits'ebetsong tsa lebokose le chesang, 'me le sebelisoa ho li-cylinder head jacket cores. E bile tlhahiso e tsitsitseng ka lilemo tse fetang 6. Ts'ebeliso ea hajoale ea mokokotlo oa lehlabathe la lebokose le batang ke: ho latela sebopeho le boholo ba mokokotlo oa lehlabathe, palo ea lehlabathe la ceramic e kenyellelitsoeng ke 30% -50%, kakaretso ea resin e kenyellelitsoeng ke 1.2% -1.8%, 'me matla a matla ke 2.2-2.7 MPa. (Boitsebiso ba tlhahlobo ea liteko tsa laboratori)
Kakaretso
Li-cylinder block le likarolo tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka hlooho li na le meaho e mengata e moqotetsane ea ka hare, 'me mocheso o tšelang hangata o pakeng tsa 1440-1500 ° C. Karolo e tšesaane e nang le marako a lehlabathe e tšeloa habonolo tlas'a ts'ebetso ea tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng ea mocheso o phahameng, joalo ka tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng e kenang mokokotlong oa lehlabathe, kapa e hlahisa maikutlo a sebopeho ho etsa lehlabathe le khomarelang. Refractoriness ea lehlabathe la ceramic e kholo ho feta 1800 ° C, ho sa le joalo, boima ba 'nete ba lehlabathe la ceramic bo batla bo phahame, matla a kinetic a likaroloana tsa lehlabathe tse nang le bophara bo lekanang le lebelo ke makhetlo a 1.28 a likaroloana tsa lehlabathe la silica ha o thunya lehlabathe, le ka khonang eketsa bongata ba lithapo tsa lehlabathe.
Melemo ena ke mabaka a hore na ke hobane'ng ha tšebeliso ea lehlabathe la ceramic e ka rarolla bothata ba lehlabathe le khomarelang ka har'a sekoti se ka hare sa li-cylinder head castings.
Baki ea metsi, likarolo tsa ho kenya le ho ntša metsi tsa cylinder block le hlooho ea cylinder hangata li na le mefokolo ea methapo. Palo e kholo ea liphuputso le mekhoa ea ho lahla li bontšitse hore sesosa sa sesosa sa bokooa ba veining holim'a holim'a ho lahla ke phetoho ea mohato katoloso ea lehlabathe la silika, e bakang khatello ea mocheso e lebisang ho mapetsong a holim'a mokokotlo oa lehlabathe, e bakang tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng. ho kenella ka har'a mapetsong, tšekamelo ea methapo e kholoanyane haholo-holo ts'ebetsong ea lebokose le batang. Ha e le hantle, lebelo la ho atolosa mocheso oa lehlabathe la silika le phahame ho feta 1.5%, ha tekanyo ea ho eketseha ha mocheso oa lehlabathe la ceramic ke 0.13% feela (e futhumala ka 1000 ° C metsotso e 10). Monyetla oa ho phunyeha o monyenyane haholo moo holim'a mokokotlo oa lehlabathe ka lebaka la khatello ea mocheso ea ho atolosa. Tšebeliso ea lehlabathe la ceramic mokokotlong oa lehlabathe la cylinder block le cylinder head hona joale ke tharollo e bonolo le e sebetsang bothateng ba methapo.
E rarahaneng, e tšesaane e nang le marako, nako e telele le e moqotetsane silindara hlooho baki ea metsi lehlabathe cores le silindara oli kanale lehlabathe cores hloka matla a phahameng (ho kenyeletsoa matla a mocheso phahameng) le toughness, 'me ka nako e tšoanang ho hlokahala hore ho laola moloko oa khase ea lehlabathe mantlha. Ka tloaelo, mokhoa oa lehlabathe o koahetsoeng o sebelisoa haholo. Tšebeliso ea lehlabathe la ceramic e fokotsa boholo ba resin mme e finyella phello ea matla a phahameng le ho hlahisa khase e tlaase. Ka lebaka la ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea ts'ebetso ea resin le lehlabathe le tala, ts'ebetso ea lebokose le batang e nkile sebaka sa ts'ebetso ea lehlabathe le koahetsoeng lilemong tsa morao tjena, e ntlafatsa haholo ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso le ho ntlafatsa tikoloho ea tlhahiso.
2. Kopo ea lehlabathe la ceramic ho rarolla bothata ba lehlabathe core deformation ea exhaust pipe
Li-exhaust manifolds li sebetsa tlas'a maemo a phahameng a mocheso ka nako e telele, 'me khanyetso ea oxidation ea thepa ka mocheso o phahameng e ama ka ho toba bophelo ba tšebeletso ea mefuta e mengata ea ho qeta. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, naha e 'nile ea tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa litekanyetso tsa mocheso oa likoloi,' me ts'ebeliso ea theknoloji ea catalytic le thekenoloji ea turbocharging e ekelitse mocheso oa ho sebetsa oa mefuta e mengata ea motlakase, o fihlang ka holimo ho 750 ° C. Ka ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea ts'ebetso ea enjene, mocheso oa ho sebetsa oa manifold oa ho tima o tla eketseha. Hajoale, tšepe e sa keneleng mocheso e sebelisoa ka kakaretso, joalo ka ZG 40Cr22Ni10Si2 (JB/T 13044), joalo-joalo, e nang le mocheso o hananang le mocheso oa 950 ° C-1100 ° C.
Sekoti se ka hare sa manifold ea ho qeta hangata se hlokeha hore se se ke sa senyeha, ho koaloa ha serame, likoti tsa shrinkage, li-slag inclusions, joalo-joalo tse amang ts'ebetso, 'me ho ba thata ha karolo e ka hare ho hlokahala hore e se ke ea feta Ra25. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho na le melao e thata le e hlakileng mabapi le ho kheloha ha botenya ba lerako la phala. Ka nako e telele, bothata ba botenya ba marako bo sa lekaneng le ho kheloha ho feteletseng ha lerako la liphaephe tsa ho ntša metsi ho 'nile ha aparela libaka tse ngata tsa ho ntša metsi.
Setsi sa pele se ile sa sebelisa li-cores tsa lehlabathe tsa silika ho hlahisa mefuta e mengata ea ho ntša mocheso oa tšepe. Ka lebaka la mocheso o phahameng oa ho tšolla (1470-1550 ° C), li-cores tsa lehlabathe li ne li holofala habonolo, e leng se ileng sa fella ka liketsahalo tse sa mamelleheng ka botenya ba lerako la liphaephe. Le hoja lehlabathe la silika le 'nile la phekoloa ka phetoho e phahameng ea mocheso, ka lebaka la tšusumetso ea lintlha tse fapa-fapaneng, e ntse e ke ke ea hlōla ho senyeha ha mokokotlo oa lehlabathe ka mocheso o phahameng, ho fella ka mefuta e mengata ea ho feto-fetoha ha lerako la phala. , ’me maemong a boima, e tla hlakoloa. E le ho ntlafatsa matla a mokokotlo oa lehlabathe le ho laola moloko oa khase oa mokokotlo oa lehlabathe, ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea ho sebelisa lehlabathe la ceramic le koahetsoeng ka lehlabathe. Ha palo ea resin e kenyellelitsoeng e ne e le tlase ka 36% ho feta ea lehlabathe le koahetsoeng ke silika, matla a eona a ho kobeha ha mocheso oa kamore le matla a ho kobeha a ile a eketseha ka 51%, 67%, mme palo ea khase e hlahisoang e fokotsehile ka 20%, e kopanang le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea matla a phahameng le tlhahiso e tlase ea khase.
Fektheri e sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa lehlabathe tse koahetsoeng ke lehlabathe la silika le lehlabathe le koahetsoeng ke lehlabathe la ceramic bakeng sa ho lahla ka nako e le 'ngoe, ka mor'a ho hloekisa li-castings, li etsa tlhahlobo ea anatomical.
Haeba mokokotlo o entsoe ka lehlabathe le koahetsoeng ke lehlabathe la silika, li-castings li na le botenya bo sa lekaneng ba lerako le lerako le tšesaane, 'me botenya ba lerako ke 3.0-6.2 mm; ha motheo o entsoe ka lehlabathe la ceramic le koahetsoeng ka lehlabathe, botenya ba lerako la ho lahla bo tšoana, 'me botenya ba lerako ke 4.4-4.6 mm. joalo ka setšoantšo se latelang
Lehlabathe le koahetsoeng ke silika
Lehlabathe la ceramic le koahetsoeng ka lehlabathe
Lehlabathe la Ceramic le koahetsoeng ke lehlabathe le sebelisetsoa ho etsa li-cores, tse felisang ho robeha ha mokokotlo oa lehlabathe, ho fokotsa ho senyeha ha motheo oa lehlabathe, ho ntlafatsa haholo ho nepahala ha karolo e ka hare ea mokelikeli o ka hare oa mokelikeli o mongata, le ho fokotsa lehlabathe le khomarelang ka hare, ho ntlafatsa boleng ba metsi. ho etsa lihlahisoa le lihlahisoa tse felileng, 'me li fumane melemo e mengata ea moruo.
3. Kopo ea lehlabathe la ceramic ka matlong a turbocharger
Thempereichara ea ho sebetsa qetellong ea khetla ea turbocharger hangata e feta 600 ° C, 'me e meng e fihla holimo ho 950-1050°C. Thepa ea khetla e hloka ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng mme e na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho lahla. Sebopeho sa khetla se kopane haholoanyane, botenya ba lerako bo tšesaane ebile bo tšoana, 'me karolo e ka hare e hloekile, joalo-joalo, e batla ka ho fetisisa. Hajoale, ntlo ea turbocharger hangata e entsoe ka tšepe e sa cheleng mocheso (joalo ka 1.4837 le 1.4849 ea maemo a Jeremane a DIN EN 10295), 'me ho sebelisoa tšepe e thibelang mocheso (joalo ka GGG SiMo ea Jeremane, Amerika. standard high-nickel austenitic nodular iron D5S, joalo-joalo).
A 1,8 T enjene turbocharger matlo, lintho tse bonahalang: 1.4837, e leng GX40CrNiSi 25-12, ka sehloohong lik'hemik'hale (%): C: 0.3-0.5, Si: 1-2.5, Cr: 24-27, Mo: Max 0.5, Ni: 11 -14, ho tšela mocheso 1560 ℃. Alloy e na le ntlha e phahameng ea ho qhibiliha, sekhahla se seholo sa ho fokotseha, tšekamelo e matla ea ho phatloha ho chesang, le bothata bo phahameng ba ho lahlela. Sebopeho sa metallographic sa ho lahla se na le litlhoko tse thata ho li-carbides tse setseng le li-inclusions tse se nang tšepe, 'me ho boetse ho na le melao e tobileng mabapi le liphoso tsa ho lahlela. E le ho netefatsa boleng le ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea li-castings, mokhoa oa ho bōpa o amohela li-core casting tse nang le likhetla tsa lehlabathe tse koahetsoeng ka filimi (le lebokose le batang le li-box cores tse chesang). Qalong, ho ne ho sebelisoa lehlabathe la ho hlatsuoa la AFS50, ebe ho sebelisoa lehlabathe la silika le halikiloeng, empa mathata a kang ho khomarela lehlabathe, li-burrs, mapetsong a mocheso le masoba a ka hare a ne a bonahala a fapane.
Motheong oa lipatlisiso le liteko, fektheri e ile ea etsa qeto ea ho sebelisa lehlabathe la ceramic. Qalong o ile a reka lehlabathe le koahetsoeng ka 100%, 'me ka mor'a moo a reka lisebelisoa tsa ho nchafatsa le ho roala,' me a tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso nakong ea tlhahiso, sebelisa lehlabathe la ceramic le lehlabathe la scrubbing ho kopanya lehlabathe le tala. Hajoale, lehlabathe le koahetsoeng le sebelisoa ho latela tafole e latelang:
| Ts'ebetso ea lehlabathe le koahetsoeng ka ceramic bakeng sa matlo a turbocharger | ||||
| Boholo ba Lehlabathe | Sekhahla sa lehlabathe la ceramic % | Resin e eketsehileng% | Matla a kobehang MPa | Phallo ea khase ml/g |
| AFS50 | 30-50 | 1.6-1.9 | 6.5-8 | ≤12 |
Lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng, ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea semela sena e ntse e sebetsa ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng, boleng ba li-castings bo botle,' me melemo ea moruo le ea tikoloho e tsoteha. Kakaretso e tjena:
a. Ho sebelisa lehlabathe la ceramic, kapa ho sebelisa motsoako oa lehlabathe la ceramic le lehlabathe la silika ho etsa li-cores, ho felisa mefokolo e kang ho khomarela lehlabathe, sintering, veining, le ho phunyeha ha mocheso oa li-castings, le ho hlokomela tlhahiso e tsitsitseng le e sebetsang hantle;
b. Ho lahla ha mantlha, ts'ebetso e phahameng ea tlhahiso, karo-karolelano e tlase ea lehlabathe-tšepe (ka kakaretso ha e fete 2: 1), tšebeliso e tlase ea lehlabathe e tala, le litšenyehelo tse tlase;
c. Ho tšeloa ha mantlha ho thusa ho nchafatsa lehlabathe la litšila ka kakaretso, 'me tokiso ea mocheso e amoheloa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang bakeng sa nchafatso. Ts'ebetso ea lehlabathe le nchafalitsoeng e fihlile boemong ba lehlabathe le lecha bakeng sa lehlabathe la ho hohla, le fihletseng phello ea ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa theko ea lehlabathe le tala le ho fokotsa ho tsoa ha litšila tse tiileng;
d. Hoa hlokahala ho hlahloba khafetsa lehlabathe la ceramic ka lehlabathe le tsosolositsoeng ho fumana palo ea lehlabathe le lecha la ceramic le ekelitsoeng;
e. Lehlabathe la Ceramic le na le sebopeho se chitja, metsi a matle, le sebopeho se seholo. Ha e kopantsoe le lehlabathe la silica, ho bonolo ho baka karohano. Haeba ho hlokahala, mokhoa oa ho thunya lehlabathe o hloka ho fetoloa;
f. Ha u koahela filimi, leka ho sebelisa boleng bo phahameng ba phenolic resin, 'me u sebelise li-additives tse sa tšoaneng ka hloko.
4. Tšebeliso ea lehlabathe la ceramic ka hloohong ea enjene ea aluminium alloy cylinder
Bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa matla a likoloi, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea mafura, ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea mosi, le ho sireletsa tikoloho, likoloi tse bobebe ke mokhoa oa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea likoloi. Hajoale, lisebelisoa tsa enjene ea likoloi (ho kenyeletsoa le enjene ea diesel), joalo ka li-cylinder blocks le li-cylinder heads, hangata li entsoe ka li-alloys tsa aluminium, le mokhoa oa ho lahla li-cylinder blocks le lihlooho tsa cylinder, ha ho sebelisoa li-cores tsa lehlabathe, ho lahla matla a khoheli a tšepe le khatello e tlase. casting (LPDC) ke tsona tse emetseng ka ho fetisisa.
Motsoako oa lehlabathe, lehlabathe le koahetsoeng le mokhoa oa lebokose le batang la aluminium alloy cylinder block le li-castings tsa hlooho li tloaelehile haholoanyane, li loketse litšobotsi tse phahameng tse nepahetseng le tse kholo tsa tlhahiso. Mokhoa oa ho sebelisa lehlabathe la ceramic o tšoana le tlhahiso ea hlooho ea li-cylinder tsa tšepe. Ka lebaka la mocheso o tlase o tšollang le matla a khoheli a manyane a motsoako oa aluminium, hangata ho sebelisoa lehlabathe la mantlha le matla a tlase, joalo ka mokokotlo oa lehlabathe la lebokose fekthering, palo ea resin e kenyellelitsoeng ke 0.5-0.6%, 'me matla a thata ke 0.8-1.2 MPa. Lehlabathe la mantlha lea hlokahala E na le ho putlama ho hotle. Tšebeliso ea lehlabathe la ceramic e fokotsa palo ea resin e ekelitsoeng mme e ntlafatsa haholo ho putlama ha mokokotlo oa lehlabathe.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, molemong oa ho ntlafatsa tikoloho ea tlhahiso le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba li-castings, ho na le lipatlisiso tse ngata le ts'ebeliso ea li-inorganic binders (ho kenyeletsoa likhalase tsa metsi tse fetotsoeng, li-phosphate binders, joalo-joalo). Setšoantšo se ka tlase ke sebaka sa fektheri se sebelisang lehlabathe la ceramic inorganic binder core sand aluminium alloy cylinder head.
Feme e sebelisa lehlabathe la ceramic inorganic binder ho etsa mantlha, 'me palo ea binder e kenyellelitsoeng ke 1.8 ~ 2.2%. Ka lebaka la metsi a matle a lehlabathe la ceramic, mokokotlo oa lehlabathe o teteaneng, bokaholimo bo phethehile ebile bo boreleli, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang, palo ea tlhahiso ea khase e nyane, e ntlafatsa haholo chai ea li-castings, e ntlafatsa ho putlama ha lehlabathe la mantlha. , e ntlafatsa tikoloho ea tlhahiso, 'me e fetoha mohlala oa tlhahiso e tala.
Tšebeliso ea lehlabathe la ceramic indastering ea ho lahla enjene e ntlafalitse ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, e ntlafalitse tikoloho ea ts'ebetso, e rarolle liphoso tsa ho lahla, 'me e fumane melemo e meholo ea moruo le melemo e metle ea tikoloho.
Indasteri ea ho theha enjene e lokela ho tsoela pele ho eketsa nchafatso ea lehlabathe la mantlha, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea lehlabathe la ceramic le ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea litšila tse tiileng.
Ho latela pono ea phello ea ts'ebeliso le boholo ba ts'ebeliso, lehlabathe la ceramic hajoale ke lehlabathe le ikhethileng le nang le ts'ebetso e phethahetseng le ts'ebeliso e kholo indastering ea ho lahla enjene.
Nako ea poso: Mar-27-2023
