Abstract: Tšusumetso ea mekhoa e fapaneng ea phekolo ea mocheso mosebetsing oa thepa ea ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo e ile ea ithutoa. Tlhahlobo e bontša hore ka mor'a phekolo ea mocheso ho 1 010 ℃ normalizing + 605 ℃ tempering e ka sehloohong + 580 ℃ mocheso oa bobeli, boitsebiso bo fihla ho index ea tshebetso e ntle ka ho fetisisa. Sebopeho sa eona ke carbon martensite e tlaase + reverse transformation austenite, e nang le matla a phahameng, boima bo tlaase ba mocheso le boima bo loketseng. E kopana le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea sehlahisoa ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea phekolo ea mocheso e kholo ea lehare.
Mantsoe a bohlokoa: ZG06Cr13NI4Mo; tšepe e sa hloekang ea martensitic; lehare
Li-blade tse kholo ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa ho li-turbine tsa hydropower. Maemo a ts'ebeletso ea likarolo a batla a le thata, 'me a tlas'a khatello e matla ea phallo ea metsi, ho senyeha le ho senyeha ha nako e telele. Thepa e khethiloe ho tloha ho ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo martensitic tšepe e sa jeleng paate e nang le thepa e ntle e felletseng ea mochini le ho hanyetsa kutu. Ka nts'etsopele ea motlakase oa metsi le li-castings tse amanang le tsona tse lebisang ho tse kholo, litlhoko tse phahameng li behiloe pele bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tse sa hloekang tse kang ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo. Ho fihlela sena, ho kopantsoe le teko ea tlhahiso ea ZG06C r13N i4M o li-blades tse kholo tsa khoebo ea thepa ea motlakase ea metsi, ka taolo ea ka hare ea thepa ea lik'hemik'hale, tlhahlobo ea mocheso oa mocheso oa papiso le tlhahlobo ea sephetho sa tlhahlobo, optimized single normalizing + habeli tempering mocheso. mokhoa oa phekolo oa ZG06C r13N i4M o thepa ea tšepe e sa hloekang e ne e ikemiselitse ho hlahisa li-castings tse finyellang litlhoko tse phahameng tsa tshebetso.
1 Taolo ea ka hare ea metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale
ZG06C r13N i4M o thepa ke tšepe e sa hloekang ea martensitic e matla haholo, e hlokehang ho ba le thepa e phahameng ea mochini le matla a matla a mocheso o tlase. E le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea thepa, lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale li ne li laoloa ka hare, li hloka w (C) ≤ 0.04%, w (P) ≤ 0.025%, w (S) ≤ 0.08%, 'me khase e ne e laoloa. Letlapa la 1 le bonts'a mofuta oa sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale tsa taolo ea ka hare ea thepa le liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale sa sampole, 'me Lethathamo la 2 le bonts'a litlhoko tsa taolo ea kahare tsa litaba tsa khase le liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea sampole ea dikahare tsa khase.
Letlapa la 1 Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale (karolo ea boima, %)
| element | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Ni | Cr | Mo | Cu | Al |
| tlhokahalo e tloaelehileng | ≤0.06 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.80 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.025 | 3.5-5.0 | 11.5-13,5 | 0.4-1.0 | ≤0.5 |
|
| Metsoako Taolo ea ka hare | ≤0.04 | 0.6-0.9 | 1.4-0.7 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.008 | 4.0-5.0 | 12.0-13.0 | 0.5-0.7 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.040 |
| Sekaseka liphello | 0.023 | 1.0 | 0.57 | 0.013 | 0.005 | 4.61 | 13.0 | 0.56 | 0.02 | 0.035 |
Lethathamo la 2 Likahare tsa Khase (ppm)
| khase | H | O | N |
| Litlhoko tsa taolo ea ka hare | ≤2.5 | ≤80 | ≤150 |
| Sekaseka liphello | 1.69 | 68.6 | 119.3 |
Thepa ea ZG06C r13N i4M o e ne e qhibilihisoa ka seboping sa motlakase sa 30 t, se hloekisitsoe ka seboping sa 25T LF bakeng sa ho kopanya, ho lokisa sebopeho le mocheso, 'me se khaotsoe le ho chesoa ka sebōping sa 25T VOD, kahoo ho fumana tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng e nang le carbon e qhibilihisitsoeng, sebopeho se ts'oanang, tlhoeko e phahameng, le khase e kotsi e tlase. Qetellong, terata ea aluminium e ile ea sebelisoa bakeng sa ho ntša oksijene ho qetela ho fokotsa boemo ba oksijene ka har'a tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng le ho ntlafatsa lijo-thollo ho ea pele.
2 Tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea mocheso
2.1 Morero oa liteko
'Mele oa ho lahla o ne o sebelisoa e le' mele oa teko, boholo ba thibelo ea teko e ne e le 70mm×70mm×230mm,' me phekolo ea pele ea mocheso e ne e nolofatsa annealing. Ka mor'a ho buisana le lingoliloeng, mekhoa ea phekolo ea mocheso e khethiloeng e ne e le: mocheso o tloaelehileng oa 1 010 ℃, mocheso o ka sehloohong oa mocheso oa 590 ℃, 605 ℃, 620 ℃, mocheso oa bobeli oa mocheso oa 580 ℃, le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho futhumatsa e ne e sebelisoa bakeng sa liteko tse bapisoang. Moralo oa teko o bontšoa ho Lethathamo la 3.
Letlapa la 3 Morero oa tlhahlobo ea kalafo ea mocheso
| Leano la teko | Ts'ebetso ea tlhahlobo ea kalafo ea mocheso | Merero ea liteko |
| A1 | 1 010℃Normalizing+620℃Ho futhumatsa | Thepa e tsitsitseng Impact ho tiea Ho thatafala HB Ho koba thepa Microstructure |
| A2 | 1 010℃Normalizing+620℃Ho futhumatsa+580℃Ho futhumatsa | |
| B1 | 1 010℃Normalizing+620℃Ho futhumatsa | |
| B2 | 1 010℃Normalizing+620℃Ho futhumatsa+580℃Ho futhumatsa | |
| C1 | 1 010℃Normalizing+620℃Ho futhumatsa | |
| C2 | 1 010℃Normalizing+620℃Ho futhumatsa+580℃Ho futhumatsa |
2.2 Tlhahlobo ea liphetho tsa liteko
2.2.1 Tlhahlobo ea sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale
Ho tsoa ho liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale le litaba tsa khase ho Lethathamo la 1 le Lethathamo la 2, lintlha tsa mantlha le litaba tsa khase li tsamaisana le mefuta e ntlafalitsoeng ea taolo ea sebopeho.
2.2.2 Tshekatsheko ya diphetho tsa diteko tsa tshebetso
Kamora kalafo ea mocheso ho latela merero e fapaneng ea liteko, liteko tsa papiso ea thepa ea mochini li ile tsa etsoa ho latela litekanyetso tsa GB/T228.1-2010, GB/T229-2007, le GB/T231.1-2009. Liphetho tsa liteko li bontšoa ho Lethathamo la 4 le la 5.
Letlapa la 4 Tlhahlobo ea thepa ea mechine ea mekhoa e fapaneng ea phekolo ea mocheso
| Leano la teko | Rp0.2/Mpa | Rm/Mpa | A/％ | Z/％ | AKV/J(0℃) | Boleng bo thata HBW |
| maemo | ≥550 | ≥750 | ≥15 | ≥35 | ≥50 | 210-290 |
| A1 | 526 | 786 | 21.5 | 71 | 168,160,168 | 247 |
| A2 | 572 | 809 | 26 | 71 | 142,143,139 | 247 |
| B1 | 588 | 811 | 21.5 | 71 | 153,144,156 | 250 |
| B2 | 687 | 851 | 23 | 71 | 172,165,176 | 268 |
| C1 | 650 | 806 | 23 | 71 | 147,152,156 | 247 |
| C2 | 664 | 842 | 23.5 | 70 | 147,141,139 | 263 |
Letlapa la 5 Teko ea ho khumama
| Leano la teko | Teko ea ho khumama (d=25,a=90°) | tekolo |
| B1 | Crack5.2 × 1.2mm | Ho hloleha |
| B2 | Ha ho mapetsong | tšoanelehang |
Ho tloha papisong le ho hlahloba thepa ea mechine: (1) Ho tloaeleha + phekolo ea mocheso oa mocheso, thepa e ka fumana thepa e ntle ea mochine, e bontšang hore thepa e na le boima bo botle. (2) Ka mor'a ho tloaeleha ho phekola mocheso, matla a lihlahisoa le polasetiki (elongation) ea mocheso o habeli o ntlafatsoa ha o bapisoa le mocheso o le mong. (3) Ho tsoa tlhahlobo le tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea ho kobeha, ts'ebetso ea ho kobeha ea B1 normalizing + ts'ebetso e le 'ngoe ea teko ea tempering ha e tšoanelehe, mme ts'ebetso ea teko ea ho kobeha ea tlhahlobo ea B2 kamora ho halefa habeli e tšoaneleha. (4) Ho tloha papisong ea liphetho tsa liteko tsa 6 tse fapaneng tsa mocheso, leano la B2 la 1 010 ℃ normalizing + 605 ℃ mocheso o le mong + 580 ℃ mocheso oa bobeli o na le thepa e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea mochine, e nang le matla a tlhahiso ea 687MPa, elongation. ea 23%, matla a tšusumetso a fetang 160J ho 0 ℃, boima bo itekanetseng ba 268HB, le ts'ebetso ea ho koba e tšoanelehang, kaofela li finyella litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea thepa.
2.2.3 Tlhahlobo ea sebopeho sa metallographic
Sebopeho sa metallographic sa lisebelisoa tsa liteko tsa B1 le B2 se ile sa hlahlojoa ho latela maemo a GB/T13298-1991. Setšoantšo sa 1 se bonts'a sebopeho sa metallographic sa normalizing + 605 ℃ ea pele ea tempering, 'me Setšoantšo sa 2 se bontša sebopeho sa metallographic sa normalizing + tempering ea pele + ea bobeli ea tempering. Ho tloha tlhahlobo le tlhahlobo ea metallographic, mohaho o ka sehloohong oa ZG06C r13N i4M o ka mor'a phekolo ea mocheso ke carbon lath martensite e tlaase + e khutliselitsoeng austenite. Ho tsoa tlhahlobong ea sebopeho sa metallographic, mekotla ea lath martensite ea thepa ka mor'a hore mocheso oa pele o be matla le ho feta. Ka mor'a hore ho be le mocheso oa bobeli, sebopeho sa matrix se fetoha hanyenyane, mohaho oa martensite o boetse o hloekisitsoe hanyenyane, 'me mohaho o tšoana haholo; mabapi le ts'ebetso, matla a lihlahisoa le polasetiki li ntlafatsoa ho isa tekanyong e itseng.
Setšoantšo sa 1 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo normalizing + microstructure e le 'ngoe e futhumatsang
Setšoantšo sa 2 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo normalizing + habeli tempering metallographic sebopeho
2.2.4 Tlhahlobo ea liphetho tsa liteko
1) Teko e netefalitse hore ZG06C r13N i4M o thepa e na le boima bo botle. Ka ho tloaeleha + ho futhumatsa kalafo ea mocheso, thepa e ka fumana thepa e ntle ea mochini; matla a lihlahisoa le thepa ea polasetiki (elongation) ea tempering tse peli ka mor'a hore phekolo ea mocheso e tloaelehileng e phahame haholo ho feta ea tempering e le 'ngoe.
2) Tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo e paka hore sebopeho sa ZG06C r13N i4M o ka mor'a ho tloaeleha ke martensite, 'me sebopeho ka mor'a ho futhumatsa ke carbon lath tempered martensite + reversed austenite. Austenite e fetotsoeng mohahong o halefileng o na le botsitso bo phahameng ba mocheso 'me o na le phello e kholo ho thepa ea mochine, thepa ea tšusumetso le thepa ea ho lahla le ea ho cheselletsa thepa. Ka hona, thepa e na le matla a phahameng, boima bo phahameng ba polasetiki, boima bo loketseng, khanyetso e ntle ea crack le thepa e ntle ea ho lahla le ho tjheseletsa ka mor'a phekolo ea mocheso.
3) Sekaseka mabaka a ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea bobeli ea mocheso oa ZG06C r13N i4M o. Ka mor'a ho tloaeleha, ho futhumatsa le ho boloka mocheso, ZG06C r13N i4M o e theha austenite e entsoeng hantle ka mor'a hore e be le austenitization, ebe e fetoha martensite e tlaase ea carbon ka mor'a ho pholile ka potlako. Nakong ea pele ea mocheso, carbon supersaturated martensite precipitates ka mokhoa oa carbides, kahoo e fokotsa matla a thepa le ho ntlafatsa polasetiki le ho tiea ha thepa. Ka lebaka la mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso oa pele, mocheso oa pele o hlahisa austenite e ntle haholo ho phaella ho martensite e futhumetseng. Li-austenite tsena tse ka morao li fetoloa ka mokhoa o itseng ho ba martensite nakong ea ho pholile ha mocheso, ho fana ka maemo bakeng sa nucleation le khōlo ea reverse austenite e tsitsitseng e hlahisoang hape nakong ea ts'ebetso ea bobeli ea mocheso. Sepheo sa mocheso oa bobeli ke ho fumana li-austenite tse tsitsitseng tse lekaneng. Li-austenite tsena tse ka morao li ka fetoha karolo nakong ea deformation ea polasetiki, ka hona, e ntlafatsa matla le polasetiki ea thepa. Ka lebaka la maemo a fokolang, ho ke ke ha khoneha ho shebella le ho sekaseka reverse austenite, kahoo teko ena e lokela ho nka thepa ea mochine le microstructure e le lintho tse ka sehloohong tsa lipatlisiso bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea papiso.
3 Kopo ea Tlhahiso
ZG06C r13N i4M o ke thepa ea tšepe e sa hloekang e matla e phahameng e nang le ts'ebetso e babatsehang. Ha tlhahiso ea sebele ea li-blades e etsoa, litlhoko tsa lik'hemik'hale le taolo ea ka hare e khethiloeng ke teko, 'me mokhoa oa ho phekola mocheso oa "normallizing + tempering" oa bobeli o sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahiso. Mokhoa oa ho phekola mocheso o bontšoa ho Setšoantšo sa 3. Hajoale, tlhahiso ea li-blade tse kholo tsa 10 tsa motlakase oa metsi li phethiloe, 'me ts'ebetso eohle e fihletse litlhoko tsa mosebedisi. Ba fetile tlhahlobo e ncha ea mosebelisi 'me ba fumane tlhahlobo e ntle.
Bakeng sa litšoaneleho tsa mahare a kobehileng a rarahaneng, litekanyo tse kholo tsa li-contour, lihlooho tse teteaneng tsa shaft, le deformation e bonolo le ho petsoha, mehato e meng ea ts'ebetso e tlameha ho nkuoa ts'ebetsong ea kalafo ea mocheso:
1) Hlooho ea shaft e tlase 'me lehare le holimo. Sekema sa ho kenya sebōpi se amoheloa ho thusa ho fokotsa bonyane, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 4;
2) Etsa bonnete ba hore ho na le lekhalo le lekaneng le lekaneng pakeng tsa li-castings le pakeng tsa li-castings le pad iron bottom plate ho etsa bonnete ba hore ho pholile, le ho etsa bonnete ba hore hlooho e teteaneng ea shaft e finyella litlhoko tsa ho lemoha ultrasonic;
3) Sebaka sa ho futhumatsa sa workpiece se arotsoe ka makhetlo a mangata ho fokotsa khatello ea mokhatlo oa ho lahla nakong ea ho futhumatsa ho thibela ho phatloha.
Ts'ebetsong ea mehato e ka holimo ea phekolo ea mocheso e tiisa boleng ba phekolo ea mocheso oa lehare.
Setšoantšo sa 3 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo mokhoa oa phekolo ea mocheso oa lehare
Setšoantšo sa 4 Sekema sa ho futhumatsa mocheso oa sebopi sa ho kenya sebōpi
4 Liqeto
1) Ho itšetlehile ka taolo ea ka hare ea lik'hemik'hale tsa thepa, ka teko ea ts'ebetso ea mocheso oa mocheso, ho etsoa qeto ea hore mokhoa oa phekolo ea mocheso oa ZG06C r13N i4M o matla a phahameng a tšepe e se nang tšepe ke mokhoa oa phekolo ea mocheso oa 1. 010 ℃ normalizing + 605 ℃ tempering e ka sehloohong + 580 ℃ mocheso oa bobeli, o ka netefatsang hore thepa ea mochine, thepa e nang le tšusumetso e tlaase le mocheso o batang oa thepa ea ho lahla e finyella litlhoko tse tloaelehileng.
2) ZG06C r13N i4M o thepa e na le hardability e ntle. Sebopeho ka mor'a ho tloaeleha + habeli ho futhumatsa mocheso oa mocheso ke carbon lath martensite + reverse austenite e nang le ts'ebetso e ntle, e nang le matla a phahameng, boima bo phahameng ba polasetiki, boima bo loketseng, khanyetso e ntle ea crack le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho lahla le ho tjheseletsa.
3) Morero oa phekolo ea mocheso oa ho tloaeleha + ka makhetlo a mabeli o behiloeng ke teko o sebelisoa ts'ebetsong ea ho phekola mocheso oa lihlahisoa tse kholo, 'me thepa ea thepa kaofela e finyella litlhoko tse tloaelehileng tsa mosebedisi.
Nako ea poso: Jun-28-2024
